On 24 July 2026, the President signed the Act of 3 July 2026 on Artificial Intelligence Systems (the “Act”). The Act was published in the Journal of Laws on 27 July 2026 and will, as a rule, enter into force on 11 August 2026.

The Act fulfils the obligations provided for in Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (commonly known as the “AI Act”). Its purpose is to establish the national mechanisms necessary for the application and enforcement of EU legislation, including the establishment of the notifying authority and market surveillance authority provided for under the AI Act. In particular, the Act regulates the organisation of market surveillance of AI systems and general-purpose AI models, the rules governing infringement proceedings, the powers of the supervisory authority to be established, as well as selected instruments supporting the development and deployment of AI-based solutions.

KRiBSI

The Act establishes the Commission for the Development and Safety of Artificial Intelligence (Komisja Rozwoju i Bezpieczeństwa Sztucznej Inteligencji, “KRiBSI”) as the authority responsible for carrying out tasks related to the supervision of the application of the AI Act and national legislation. In particular, it will serve as the national market surveillance authority provided for under the AI Act. The Commission will also act as the national contact point.

The Chair of the Commission will be appointed by the Sejm with the consent of the Senate for a five-year term of office. The body will also comprise two Deputy Chairs and members designated by the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, the Polish Financial Supervision Authority, the National Broadcasting Council and the President of the Office of Electronic Communications.

Under the Act, the Chair of KRiBSI should be appointed within two months from the date on which the Act enters into force, while the full composition of the Commission should be established within three months.

Infringement Proceedings and Supervisory Powers

The Act sets out the procedure for conducting proceedings concerning infringements of the AI Act and national legislation. KRiBSI will be authorised to conduct inspections to verify compliance with artificial intelligence regulations and to conduct administrative proceedings where potential infringements are identified.

The provisions allow complaints concerning the operation of AI systems to be submitted to the Commission. This mechanism will be available both to individuals and to other entities that believe that a particular AI system may be in breach of the requirements of the AI Act or national law.

In addition, the Act sets out the rules for imposing administrative fines for infringements, as well as procedural safeguards, including the protection of legally protected information (including trade secrets) and the possibility of judicial review of decisions issued by KRiBSI. The Act also provides for a “settlement” mechanism concerning the conditions for the extraordinary mitigation of sanctions.

AI Regulatory Sandboxes

The Act establishes the legal basis for the operation of regulatory sandboxes for artificial intelligence systems. This instrument is intended to enable businesses and institutions to test AI systems under controlled conditions, with the involvement of the competent authority and in compliance with the requirements set out in the AI Act.

The purpose of regulatory sandboxes is to enable the practical verification of the compliance of new AI solutions with applicable regulations before their full-scale deployment on the market. Participants will be able to benefit from technical and regulatory support. The Act provides for exemption from fees for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as preferential participation rules for local government units.

Individual Opinions on the Application of AI Regulations

KRiBSI will be able to issue individual opinions concerning the application of the AI Act and national legislation in relation to specific cases. This instrument is intended to reduce regulatory uncertainty for entities planning to implement or use AI systems.

In practice, businesses and institutions will be able to obtain the supervisory authority’s position on the legal classification of a given solution and the scope of obligations arising from AI-related regulations.

Supporting the Development of the AI Market

In addition to its supervisory role, KRiBSI will carry out tasks related to supporting the development of the AI ecosystem in Poland. Its responsibilities will include, among other things, conducting educational and information activities, developing best practices, and supporting research and innovation in the field of artificial intelligence.

The Act also enables the minister responsible for digitalisation to provide financial support for scientific research and development work concerning AI.